Installing a cluster on Azure in a disconnected environment with user-provisioned infrastructure¶

To install OpenShift Container Platform on Microsoft Azure in a disconnected environment, you can use user-provisioned infrastructure and complete the installation from a mirror host that holds your installation media.

Warning

The steps for performing a user-provisioned infrastructure installation are provided as an example only. Installing a cluster with infrastructure you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process of OpenShift Container Platform. Several ARM templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods.

Prerequisites¶

Before you install a cluster on Azure in a disconnected environment with user-provisioned infrastructure, complete the following prerequisites.

You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes. See "OpenShift Container Platform installation and update".
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users. See "Selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users".
You configured an Azure account to host the cluster and determined the tested and validated region to deploy the cluster to. See "Configuring an Azure account".
You mirrored the images for a disconnected installation to your registry and obtained the imageContentSources data for your version of OpenShift Container Platform. See "Mirroring images for a disconnected installation".

Warning

Because the installation media is on the mirror host, you must use that computer to complete all installation steps.
If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to. See "Configuring the firewall to allow required sites".
If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you manually created long-term credentials. See "Manually creating long-term credentials".
If you use customer-managed encryption keys, you prepared your Azure environment for encryption. See "Preparing your Azure environment for encryption".

Additional resources

About installations in restricted networks¶

You can install OpenShift Container Platform 4.22 in a restricted network without an active internet connection to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can use installer-provisioned or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.

If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, such as Amazon Web Service’s Route 53 DNS and IAM services, require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare-metal hardware, Nutanix, or on VMware vSphere.

To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OpenShift image registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.

Warning

Because of the complexity of the configuration for user-provisioned installations, consider completing a standard user-provisioned infrastructure installation before you try a restricted network installation using user-provisioned infrastructure. Completing this test installation might make it easier to isolate and troubleshoot any issues that might arise during your installation in a restricted network.

Additional limits¶

Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:

The ClusterVersion status includes an Unable to retrieve available updates error.
By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.

Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform¶

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.22, you require access to the internet to obtain the images that are necessary to install your cluster.

You must have internet access to perform the following actions:

Access Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster.
Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster.
Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates.

Configuring your Azure project¶

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform on Microsoft Azure, you must configure an Azure project that can host the cluster and its resources.

Warning

All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see "Resolve reserved resource name errors".

Additional resources

Resolve reserved resource name errors (Azure documentation)

Azure account limits¶

The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Microsoft Azure components. Default subscription and service limits, quotas, and constraints can affect your ability to install OpenShift Container Platform clusters.

For more information on Azure subscription and service limits, see "Azure subscription and service limits, quotas, and constraints".

Warning

Default limits vary by offer category types, such as Free Trial and Pay-As-You-Go, and by series, such as Dv2, F, and G. For example, the default for Enterprise Agreement subscriptions is 350 cores.

Check the limits for your subscription type and if necessary, increase quota limits for your account before you install a default cluster on Azure.

The following table summarizes the Azure components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OpenShift Container Platform clusters.

Component	Number of components required by default	Default Azure limit	Description
vCPU	44	20 per region	A default cluster requires 44 vCPUs, so you must increase the account limit. By default, each cluster creates the following instances: One bootstrap machine, which is removed after installation Three control plane machines Three compute machines Because the bootstrap and control plane machines use `Standard_D8s_v3` virtual machines, which use 8 vCPUs, and the compute machines use `Standard_D4s_v3` virtual machines, which use 4 vCPUs, a default cluster requires 44 vCPUs. The bootstrap node VM, which uses 8 vCPUs, is used only during installation. To deploy more worker nodes, enable autoscaling, deploy large workloads, or use a different instance type, you must further increase the vCPU limit for your account to ensure that your cluster can deploy the machines that you require.
OS Disk	7		Each cluster machine must have a minimum of 100 GB of storage and 300 IOPS. Note Faster storage is recommended for production clusters and clusters with intensive workloads. For more information about optimizing storage for performance, see the page titled "Optimizing storage" in the "Scalability and performance" section.
VNet	1	1000 per region	Each default cluster requires one Virtual Network (VNet), which contains two subnets.
Network interfaces	7	65,536 per region	Each default cluster requires seven network interfaces. If you create more machines or your deployed workloads create load balancers, your cluster uses more network interfaces.
Network security groups	2	5000	Each cluster creates network security groups for each subnet in the VNet. The default cluster creates network security groups for the control plane and for the compute node subnets: `controlplane` Allows the control plane machines to be reached on port 6443 from anywhere `node` Allows worker nodes to be reached from the internet on ports 80 and 443
Network load balancers	3	1000 per region	Each cluster creates the following load balancers: `default` Public IP address that load balances requests to ports 80 and 443 across worker machines `internal` Private IP address that load balances requests to ports 6443 and 22623 across control plane machines `external` Public IP address that load balances requests to port 6443 across control plane machines If your applications create more Kubernetes `LoadBalancer` service objects, your cluster uses more load balancers.
Public IP addresses	3		Each of the two public load balancers uses a public IP address. The bootstrap machine also uses a public IP address so that you can SSH into the machine to troubleshoot issues during installation. The IP address for the bootstrap node is used only during installation.
Private IP addresses	7		The internal load balancer, each of the three control plane machines, and each of the three worker machines each use a private IP address.
Spot VM vCPUs (optional)	0 If you configure spot VMs, your cluster must have two spot VM vCPUs for every compute node.	20 per region	This is an optional component. To use spot VMs, you must increase the Azure default limit to at least twice the number of compute nodes in your cluster. Note Using spot VMs for control plane nodes is not recommended.

To increase an account limit, file a support request on the Azure portal. For more information, see Request a quota limit increase for Azure Deployment Environments resources.

Additional resources

Configuring a public DNS zone in Azure¶

To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Microsoft Azure account you use must have a dedicated public hosted DNS zone in your account that is authoritative for the domain. This zone provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.

Procedure

Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through Azure or another source.
- To purchase a new domain through Azure, see Buy a custom domain name for Azure App Service.
- If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to Azure. For more information, see Migrate an active DNS name to Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.
Configure DNS for your domain, which includes creating a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain, extracting the new authoritative name servers, and updating the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For more information, see Tutorial: Host your domain in Azure DNS.

Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.
If you use a subdomain, follow your organization’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain.

Additional resources

Example for creating DNS zones

Certificate signing requests management¶

On user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation when your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management.

The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that kubelet credentials request because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must find and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.

Required Azure roles¶

Before you create the identity for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Azure, verify that your environment meets the role and permission requirements for the identity type you plan to use.

The following requirements must be met:

The Azure account that you use to create the identity is assigned the User Access Administrator and Contributor roles. These roles are required when:
- Creating a service principal or user-assigned managed identity.
- Enabling a system-assigned managed identity on a virtual machine.
If you are going to use a service principal to complete the installation, verify that the Azure account that you use to create the identity is assigned the microsoft.directory/servicePrincipals/createAsOwner permission in Microsoft Entra ID.

Required Azure permissions for user-provisioned infrastructure¶

The installation program requires access to an Azure service principal or managed identity with the necessary permissions to deploy the cluster and to maintain its daily operation. These permissions must be granted to the Azure subscription that is associated with the identity.

The following options are available to you:

You can assign the identity the Contributor and User Access Administrator roles. Assigning these roles is the quickest way to grant all of the required permissions.

For more information about assigning roles, see the Azure documentation for managing access to Azure resources using the Azure portal.
If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create a custom role with the necessary permissions.

The following permissions are required for creating an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Microsoft Azure.

Required permissions for creating authorization resources

Microsoft.Authorization/policies/audit/action
Microsoft.Authorization/policies/auditIfNotExists/action
Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/read
Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write

Required permissions for creating compute resources

Microsoft.Compute/images/read
Microsoft.Compute/images/write
Microsoft.Compute/images/delete
Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets/read
Microsoft.Compute/disks/beginGetAccess/action
Microsoft.Compute/disks/delete
Microsoft.Compute/disks/read
Microsoft.Compute/disks/write
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/read
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/versions/read
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/versions/write
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/write
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/read
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/write
Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/read
Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/write
Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/delete
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/delete
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/powerOff/action
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/read
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/write
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/deallocate/action

Required permissions for creating identity management resources

Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/assign/action
Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/read
Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/write

Required permissions for creating network resources

Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/write
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/write
Microsoft.Network/dnszones/CNAME/read
Microsoft.Network/dnszones/read
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools/join/action
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools/read
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools/write
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/read
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/write
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/delete
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/join/action
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/read
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/write
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/join/action
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/read
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/delete
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/read
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/write
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/write
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/read
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/write
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/delete
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/SOA/read
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/read
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/virtualNetworkLinks/read
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/virtualNetworkLinks/write
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/write
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/join/action
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/read
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/write
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/join/action
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/read
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/join/action
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/read
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/write
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/write

Required permissions for checking the health of resources

Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Activated/action
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/InProgress/action
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Pending/action
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Resolved/action
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Updated/action

Required permissions for creating a resource group

Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/read
Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourcegroups/write

Required permissions for creating resource tags

Microsoft.Resources/tags/write

Required permissions for creating storage resources

Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/read
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers/write
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/read
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/shares/read
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/shares/write
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/shares/delete
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/read
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/write

Required permissions for creating deployments

Microsoft.Resources/deployments/read
Microsoft.Resources/deployments/write
Microsoft.Resources/deployments/validate/action
Microsoft.Resources/deployments/operationstatuses/read

Optional permissions for creating compute resources

Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets/delete
Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets/write

Optional permissions for creating marketplace virtual machine resources

Microsoft.MarketplaceOrdering/offertypes/publishers/offers/plans/agreements/read
Microsoft.MarketplaceOrdering/offertypes/publishers/offers/plans/agreements/write

Optional permissions for enabling user-managed encryption

Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/read
Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/write
Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/delete
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/read
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/write
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/delete
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/deploy/action
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/keys/read
Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/keys/write
Microsoft.Features/providers/features/register/action

The following permissions are required for deleting an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Microsoft Azure.

Required permissions for deleting authorization resources

Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/delete

Required permissions for deleting compute resources

Microsoft.Compute/disks/delete
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/delete
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/delete
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/versions/delete
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/delete
Microsoft.Compute/images/delete

Required permissions for deleting identity management resources

Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/delete

Required permissions for deleting network resources

Microsoft.Network/dnszones/read
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/read
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/delete
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/read
Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/delete
Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/delete
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/delete
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/delete
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/read
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/read
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/delete
Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/virtualNetworkLinks/delete
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete
Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/delete

Required permissions for checking the health of resources

Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Activated/action
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Resolved/action
Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Updated/action

Required permissions for deleting a resource group

Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourcegroups/delete

Required permissions for deleting storage resources

Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/delete
Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action

Note

To install OpenShift Container Platform on Azure, you must scope the permissions related to resource group creation to your subscription. After the resource group is created, you can scope the rest of the permissions to the created resource group. If the public DNS zone is present in a different resource group, then the network DNS zone related permissions must always be applied to your subscription.

You can scope all the permissions to your subscription when deleting an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Creating a service principal¶

To enable OpenShift Container Platform to create Azure resources, you must create a service principal that represents the installation program in Azure Resource Manager.

Prerequisites

Install or update the Azure CLI.
Your Azure account has the required roles for the subscription that you use.
If you want to use a custom role, you have created a custom role with the required permissions listed in the Required Azure permissions for user-provisioned infrastructure section.

Procedure

Log in to the Azure CLI:
```
$ az login
```

If your Azure account uses subscriptions, ensure that you are using the right subscription:

View the list of available accounts and record the tenantId value for the subscription you want to use for your cluster:

$ az account list --refresh

Example output

[
  {
    "cloudName": "AzureCloud",
    "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
    "isDefault": true,
    "name": "Subscription Name",
    "state": "Enabled",
    "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee",
    "user": {
      "name": "you@example.com",
      "type": "user"
    }
  }
]

View your active account details and confirm that the tenantId value matches the subscription you want to use:

$ az account show

Example output

{
  "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
  "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
  "isDefault": true,
  "name": "Subscription Name",
  "state": "Enabled",
  "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee",
  "user": {
    "name": "you@example.com",
    "type": "user"
  }
}

Ensure that the value of the tenantId parameter is the correct subscription ID.

If you are not using the right subscription, change the active subscription:
```
$ az account set -s <subscription_id>
```
For <subscription_id>, specify the subscription ID.

Verify the subscription ID update:

$ az account show

Example output

{
  "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
  "id": "33212d16-bdf6-45cb-b038-f6565b61edda",
  "isDefault": true,
  "name": "Subscription Name",
  "state": "Enabled",
  "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee",
  "user": {
    "name": "you@example.com",
    "type": "user"
  }
}

Record the tenantId and id parameter values from the output. You need these values during the OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Create the service principal for your account:

$ az ad sp create-for-rbac --role <role_name> \
     --name <service_principal> \
     --scopes /subscriptions/<subscription_id>

where:

<role_name>: Specifies the role name. You can use the Contributor role, or you can specify a custom role which contains the necessary permissions.
<service_principal>: Specifies the service principal name.
<subscription_id>: Specifies the subscription ID.

Example output

Creating 'Contributor' role assignment under scope '/subscriptions/<subscription_id>'
The output includes credentials that you must protect. Be sure that you do not
include these credentials in your code or check the credentials into your source
control. For more information, see https://aka.ms/azadsp-cli
{
  "appId": "ac461d78-bf4b-4387-ad16-7e32e328aec6",
  "displayName": <service_principal>",
  "password": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
  "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee"
}

Record the values of the appId and password parameters from the previous output. You need these values during OpenShift Container Platform installation.
If you applied the Contributor role to your service principal, assign the User Administrator Access role by running the following command:
```
$ az role assignment create --role "User Access Administrator" \
  --assignee-object-id $(az ad sp show --id <appId> --query id -o tsv)
```
Specify the appId parameter value for your service principal.

Additional resources

About the Cloud Credential Operator

Supported Azure regions¶

Based on your subscription, the installation program dynamically generates the list of available Microsoft Azure public regions.

Supported Azure public regions¶

australiacentral (Australia Central)
australiaeast (Australia East)
australiasoutheast (Australia South East)
austriaeast (Austria East)
belgiumcentral (Belgium Central)
brazilsouth (Brazil South)
canadacentral (Canada Central)
canadaeast (Canada East)
centralindia (Central India)
centralus (Central US)
chilecentral (Chile Central)
eastasia (East Asia)
eastus (East US)
eastus2 (East US 2)
francecentral (France Central)
germanywestcentral (Germany West Central)
indonesiacentral (Indonesia Central)
israelcentral (Israel Central)
italynorth (Italy North)
japaneast (Japan East)
japanwest (Japan West)
koreacentral (Korea Central)
koreasouth (Korea South)
malaysiawest (Malaysia West)
mexicocentral (Mexico Central)
newzealandnorth (New Zealand North)
northcentralus (North Central US)
northeurope (North Europe)
norwayeast (Norway East)
polandcentral (Poland Central)
qatarcentral (Qatar Central)
southafricanorth (South Africa North)
southcentralus (South Central US)
southeastasia (Southeast Asia)
southindia (South India)
spaincentral (Spain Central)
swedencentral (Sweden Central)
switzerlandnorth (Switzerland North)
uaenorth (UAE North)
uksouth (UK South)
ukwest (UK West)
westcentralus (West Central US)
westeurope (West Europe)
westindia (West India)
westus (West US)
westus2 (West US 2)
westus3 (West US 3)

Supported Azure Government regions¶

Support for the following Microsoft Azure Government (MAG) regions was added in OpenShift Container Platform version 4.6:

usgovtexas (US Gov Texas)
usgovvirginia (US Gov Virginia)

You can reference all available MAG regions in the Azure documentation. Other provided MAG regions are expected to work with OpenShift Container Platform, but have not been tested.

Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure¶

For a cluster that uses user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all required machines.

Required machines for cluster installation¶

You must specify the minimum required machines or hosts for your cluster so that your cluster remains stable if a node fails.

The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts:

Warning

For a cluster that has user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.

Minimum required hosts

Hosts	Description
One temporary bootstrap machine	The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster.
Three control plane machines	The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane.
At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines.	The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines.

Warning

To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines.

The bootstrap and control plane machines must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) as the operating system. However, the compute machines can use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.6 and later.

RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.8 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.

Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation¶

To ensure that your OpenShift Container Platform cluster runs as expected, each cluster machine must meet minimum CPU, memory, and storage requirements.

Minimum resource requirements

Machine	Operating system	vCPU	Virtual RAM	Storage	Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)
Bootstrap	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Control plane	RHCOS	4	16 GB	100 GB	300
Compute	RHCOS	2	8 GB	100 GB	300

One vCPU is equal to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.
OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and Red Hat recommends faster storage, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. On many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to provision more storage to get enough performance.
As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later do not support RHEL 7 compute machines.

Note

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.22, RHCOS uses RHEL version 9.8, which updates the micro-architecture requirements. Each architecture requires the following minimum instruction set architectures (ISA):

x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA
ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA
ppc64le architecture requires IBM(R) Power9 ISA
s390x architecture requires IBM(R) z14 ISA

For more information, see Architectures in the RHEL documentation.

Warning

You must use Azure virtual machines that have the premiumIO parameter set to true.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

Tested instance types for Azure¶

There are several Microsoft Azure instance types tested with OpenShift Container Platform. Choose a listed instance type when you install a cluster on 64-bit x86 infrastructure.

See the following machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture:

General Purpose¶

Azure VM Series	Family Name
Basv2-series	`standardBasv2Family`
BS-series	`standardBSFamily`
Bsv2-series	`standardBsv2Family`
Dadsv5-series	`standardDADSv5Family`
Dadsv6-series	`standardDadv6Family`
Daldsv6-series	`standardDaldv6Family`
Dalsv6-series	`standardDalv6Family`
Dasv4-series	`standardDASv4Family`
Dasv5-series	`standardDASv5Family`
Dasv6-series	`standardDav6Family`
DCas_cc_v5-series	`standardDCACCV5Family`
DCads_cc_v5-series	`standardDCADCCV5Family`
DCadsv5-series	`standardDCADSv5Family`
DCasv5-series	`standardDCASv5Family`
DCsv2-series	`standardDCSv2Family`
DCsv3-series	`standardDCSv3Family`
DCdsv3-series	`standardDDCSv3Family`
DCedsv5-series	`standardDCEDV5Family`
DCesv5-series	`standardDCEV5Family`
Ddsv4-series	`standardDDSv4Family`
Ddsv5-series	`standardDDSv5Family`
Ddsv6-series	`StandardDdsv6Family`
Dldsv5-series	`standardDLDSv5Family`
Dldsv6-series	`StandardDldsv6Family`
Dlsv5-series	`standardDLSv5Family`
Dlsv6-series	`StandardDlsv6Family`
DS-series	`standardDSFamily`
Dsv2-series	`standardDSv2Family`
Dsv3-series	`standardDSv3Family`
Dsv4-series	`standardDSv4Family`
Dsv5-series	`standardDSv5Family`
Dsv6-series	`StandardDsv6Family`

Memory Optimized¶

Azure VM Series	Family Name
Eadsv5-series	`standardEADSv5Family`, `standardEIADSv5Family`
Eadsv6-series	`standardEadv6Family`
Easv4-series	`standardEASv4Family`, `standardEIASv4Family`
Easv5-series	`standardEASv5Family`, `standardEIASv5Family`
Easv6-series	`standardEav6Family`
Ebdsv5-series	`standardEBDSv5Family`, `standardEIBDSv5Family`
Ebsv5-series	`standardEBSv5Family`, `standardEIBSv5Family`
ECas_cc_v5-series	`standardECACCV5Family`
ECads_cc_v5-series	`standardECADCCV5Family`
ECadsv5-series	`standardECADSv5Family`
ECasv5-series	`standardECASv5Family`
ECedsv5-series	`standardECEDV5Family`
ECesv5-series	`standardECEV5Family`
Edsv4-series	`standardEDSv4Family`
Edsv5-series	`standardEDSv5Family`, `standardEIDSv5Family`
Edsv6-series	`StandardEdsv6Family`
Esv3-series	`standardESv3Family`, `standardEISv3Family`
Esv4-series	`standardESv4Family`, `standardXEISv4Family`
Esv5-series	`standardESv5Family`, `standardEISv5Family`
Esv6-series	`StandardEsv6Family`
M-series	`standardMSFamily`
Mbdsv3-series	`StandardMBDSMediumMemoryv3Family`
Mbsv3-series	`StandardMBSMediumMemoryv3Family`
Mdsv3 High Memory-series	`standardMDSHighMemoryv3Family`, `standardMIDSHighMemoryv3Family`
Mdsv2 Medium Memory-series	`standardMDSMediumMemoryv2Family`, `standardMIDSMediumMemoryv2Family`
Mdsv3 Medium Memory-series	`standardMDSMediumMemoryv3Family`
Msv3 High Memory-series	`standardMISHighMemoryv3Family`, `standardMSHighMemoryv3Family`
Msv2 Medium Memory-series	`standardMISMediumMemoryv2Family`, `standardMSMediumMemoryv2Family`
Msv3 Medium Memory-series	`standardMSMediumMemoryv3Family`

Compute Optimized¶

Azure VM Series	Family Name
Falsv6-series	`StandardFalsv6Family`
Famsv6-series	`StandardFamsv6Family`
Fasv6-series	`StandardFasv6Family`
FS-series	`standardFSFamily`
Fsv2-series	`standardFSv2Family`
FXmdsv2-series	`StandardFXmdsv2Family`
FX-series	`standardFXMDVSFamily`
FXmsv2-series	`StandardFXmsv2Family`

Storage Optimized¶

Azure VM Series	Family Name
GS-series	`standardGSFamily`
Laosv4-series	`standardLaosv4Family`
Lasv3-series	`standardLASv3Family`
Lasv4-series	`standardLasv4Family`
Ls-series	`standardLSFamily`
Lsv2-series	`standardLSv2Family`
Lsv3-series	`standardLSv3Family`
Lsv4-series	`standardLsv4Family`

GPU Accelerated¶

Azure VM Series	Family Name
NC_A100_v4-series	`StandardNCADSA100v4Family`
NCads_H100_v5-series	`StandardNCadsH100v5Family`
NCCads_H100_v5-series	`StandardNCCads2023Family`
NCasT4_v3-series	`Standard NCASv3_T4 Family`
NCv3-series	`standardNCSv3Family`
NDasrA100_v4-series	`Standard NDASv4_A100 Family`
ND-H200-v5-series	`standardNDISRH200V5Family`
ND-H100-v5-series	`standardNDSH100v5Family`
NDv2-series	`standardNDSv2Family`
NGads_V620-series	`StandardNGADSV620v1Family`
NVadsA10_v5-series	`StandardNVADSA10v5Family`
NVads V710 v5-series	`StandardNVadsV710v5Family`
NVv3-series	`standardNVSv3Family`

FPGA Accelerated¶

Azure VM Series	Family Name
NPS-series	`standardNPSFamily`

High Performance Compute¶

Azure VM Series	Family Name
HBv2-series	`standardHBrsv2Family`
HBv4-series	`standardHBv4Family`
HBv5-series	`standardHBv5Family`
HC-series	`standardHCSFamily`
HX-series	`standardHXFamily`

Tested instance types for Azure on 64-bit ARM infrastructures¶

There are several Microsoft Azure ARM64 instance types tested with OpenShift Container Platform. Choose a listed instance type when you install a cluster on 64-bit ARM infrastructure.

See the following machine types based on 64-bit ARM architecture:

General Purpose (ARM64)¶

Azure VM Series	Family Name
Bpsv2-series	`standardBpsv2Family`
Dpdsv5-series	`standardDPDSv5Family`
Dpldsv5-series	`standardDPLDSv5Family`
Dplsv5-series	`standardDPLSv5Family`
Dpsv5-series	`standardDPSv5Family`
Dpdsv6-series	`StandardDpdsv6Family`
Dpldsv6-series	`StandardDpldsv6Family`
Dplsv6-series	`StandardDplsv6Family`
Dpsv6-series	`StandardDpsv6Family`

Memory Optimized (ARM64)¶

Azure VM Series	Family Name
Epdsv5-series	`standardEPDSv5Family`
Epsv5-series	`standardEPSv5Family`
Epdsv6-series	`StandardEpdsv6Family`
Epsv6-series	`StandardEpsv6Family`

Using the Azure Marketplace offering¶

You can use the Azure Marketplace offering to deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, which is billed on pay-per-use basis (hourly, per core) through Azure, while still being supported directly by Red Hat.

To deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using the Azure Marketplace offering, you must first obtain the Azure Marketplace image. The installation program uses this image to deploy worker or control plane nodes. When obtaining your image, consider the following:

While the images are the same, the Azure Marketplace publisher is different depending on your region. If you are located in North America, specify redhat as the publisher. If you are located in EMEA, specify redhat-limited as the publisher.
The offer includes a rh-ocp-worker SKU and a rh-ocp-worker-gen1 SKU. The rh-ocp-worker SKU represents a Hyper-V generation version 2 VM image. The default instance types used in OpenShift Container Platform are version 2 compatible. If you plan to use an instance type that is only version 1 compatible, use the image associated with the rh-ocp-worker-gen1 SKU. The rh-ocp-worker-gen1 SKU represents a Hyper-V version 1 VM image.

Warning

Installing images with the Azure marketplace is not supported on clusters with 64-bit ARM instances.

You should only modify the RHCOS image for compute machines to use an Azure Marketplace image. Control plane machines and infrastructure nodes do not require an OpenShift Container Platform subscription and use the public RHCOS default image by default, which does not incur subscription costs on your Azure bill. Therefore, you should not modify the cluster default boot image or the control plane boot images. Applying the Azure Marketplace image to them will incur additional licensing costs that cannot be recovered.

Prerequisites

You have installed the Azure CLI client (az).
Your Azure account is entitled for the offer and you have logged into this account with the Azure CLI client.

Procedure

Display all of the available OpenShift Container Platform images by running one of the following commands:

North America:

$  az vm image list --all --offer rh-ocp-worker --publisher redhat -o table

Example output

Offer          Publisher       Sku                 Urn                                                             Version
-------------  --------------  ------------------  --------------------------------------------------------------  -----------------
rh-ocp-worker  RedHat          rh-ocp-worker       RedHat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:4.17.2024100419              4.17.2024100419
rh-ocp-worker  RedHat          rh-ocp-worker-gen1  RedHat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker-gen1:4.17.2024100419         4.17.2024100419

EMEA:

$  az vm image list --all --offer rh-ocp-worker --publisher redhat-limited -o table

Example output

Offer          Publisher       Sku                 Urn                                                                     Version
-------------  --------------  ------------------  --------------------------------------------------------------          -----------------
rh-ocp-worker  redhat-limited  rh-ocp-worker       redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:4.17.2024100419              4.17.2024100419
rh-ocp-worker  redhat-limited  rh-ocp-worker-gen1  redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker-gen1:4.17.2024100419         4.17.2024100419

Note

Use the latest image that is available for compute and control plane nodes. If required, your VMs are automatically upgraded as part of the installation process.

Inspect the image for your offer by running one of the following commands:

North America:

$ az vm image show --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

EMEA:

$ az vm image show --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

Review the terms of the offer by running one of the following commands:

North America:

$ az vm image terms show --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

EMEA:

$ az vm image terms show --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

Accept the terms of the offering by running one of the following commands:

North America:

$ az vm image terms accept --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

EMEA:

$ az vm image terms accept --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

Record the image details of your offer. If you use the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy your compute nodes:

Update storageProfile.imageReference by deleting the id parameter and adding the offer, publisher, sku, and version parameters by using the values from your offer.

Specify a plan for the virtual machines (VMs).

Example 06_workers.json ARM template with an updated storageProfile.imageReference object and a specified plan

...
  "plan" : {
    "name": "rh-ocp-worker",
    "product": "rh-ocp-worker",
    "publisher": "redhat"
  },
  "dependsOn" : [
    "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()], '-nic'))]"
  ],
  "properties" : {
...
  "storageProfile": {
    "imageReference": {
    "offer": "rh-ocp-worker",
    "publisher": "redhat",
    "sku": "rh-ocp-worker",
    "version": "413.92.2023101700"
    }
    ...
   }
...
  }

Obtaining the installation program¶

Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation, so that installation assets exist for deployment in your environment.

Prerequisites

You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

Go to the Cluster Type page on the Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.

Tip

You can also download the binaries for a specific OpenShift Container Platform release.
Select your infrastructure provider from the Run it yourself section of the page.
Select your host operating system and architecture from the dropdown menus under OpenShift Installer and click Download Installer.
Place the downloaded file in the directory where you want to store the installation configuration files.
Warning
- The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both of the files are required to delete the cluster.
- Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OpenShift Container Platform uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
```
Download your installation pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

Tip

Alternatively, you can retrieve the installation program from the Red Hat Customer Portal, where you can specify a version of the installation program to download. However, you must have an active subscription to access this page.

Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access¶

During an OpenShift Container Platform installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication. After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the RHCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Warning

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

Note

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches.

Procedure

If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
```
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name>
```
Specifies the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.

Note

If you plan to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster that uses the RHEL cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the x86_64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.
View the public SSH key:
```
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
```
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:
```
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

Note

On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.
1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
```
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
  Example output
```
Agent pid 31874
```
  Note
  
  If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
```
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name>
```
Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.
Example output
```
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
```

Next steps

When you install OpenShift Container Platform, provide the SSH public key to the installation program. If you install a cluster on infrastructure that you provision, you must provide the key to the installation program.

Creating the installation files for Azure¶

To install OpenShift Container Platform on Microsoft Azure by using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use.

You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.

Creating a separate `/var` partition¶

To isolate growing storage for containers, etcd, or logs, you can optionally create a separate /var partition on worker nodes before you generate Ignition configs.

It is recommended that disk partitioning for OpenShift Container Platform be left to the installation program. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow.

OpenShift Container Platform supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:

/var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system.
/var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage.
/var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.

Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OpenShift Container Platform at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems.

Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config manifest that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Warning

If you follow the steps to create a separate /var partition in this procedure, it is not necessary to create the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files again as described later in this section.

Procedure

Create a directory to hold the OpenShift Container Platform installation files:
```
$ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig
```

Run openshift-install to create a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted:

$ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig

Example output

? SSH Public Key ...
INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials"
INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift

Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the clusterconfig/openshift directory:

$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/

Example output

99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml
99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml
...

Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on the worker systems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the /var directory on a separate partition:
```
variant: openshift
version: 4.22.0
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker
  name: 98-var-partition
storage:
  disks:
  - device: /dev/disk/by-id/<device_name>
    partitions:
    - label: var
      start_mib: <partition_start_offset>
      size_mib: <partition_size>
      number: 5
  filesystems:
    - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
      path: /var
      format: xfs
      mount_options: [defaults, prjquota]
      with_mount_unit: true
```
where:

<device_name>

Specifies the storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.

<partition_start_offset>

Specifies the start_mib parameter. When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of RHCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.

<partition_size>

Specifies the size of the data partition in mebibytes.

storage.filesystems.mount_options

The prjquota mount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage.

Note

When creating a separate /var partition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name.
Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the clusterconfig/openshift directory. For example, run the following command:
```
$ butane $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml
```
Run openshift-install again to create Ignition configs from a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories:
```
$ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
```
```
$ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/
auth  bootstrap.ign  master.ign  metadata.json  worker.ign
```
You can now use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) systems.

Creating the installation configuration file¶

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Microsoft Azure.

Warning

Do not specify windows, microsoft, or other variants of these words in the metadata.name parameter of the install-config.yaml file. Specifying one of these words for the cluster name causes the installation program to generate an error message like the following example message:

The resource name 'windows-xxxx-identity' or a part of the name is a trademarked or reserved word.

Additionally, specifying login at the beginning of the name in the metadata.name parameter of the install-config.yaml file results in the generation of an error message. You can specify login in the middle or end of the name.

Prerequisites

You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
You have the imageContentSources values that were generated during mirror registry creation.
You have obtained the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
You have retrieved a Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image and uploaded it to an accessible location.
You have an Azure subscription ID and tenant ID.
If you are installing the cluster using a service principal, you have its application ID and password.
If you are installing the cluster using a system-assigned managed identity, you have enabled it on the virtual machine that you will run the installation program from.
If you are installing the cluster using a user-assigned managed identity, you have met these prerequisites:
- You have its client ID.
- You have assigned it to the virtual machine that you will run the installation program from.

Procedure

Optional: If you have run the installation program on this computer before, and want to use an alternative service principal or managed identity, go to the ~/.azure/ directory and delete the osServicePrincipal.json configuration file.

Deleting this file prevents the installation program from automatically reusing subscription and authentication values from a previous installation.
Create the install-config.yaml file.
1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>
```
  - <installation_directory>: For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.
    
    When specifying the directory:
  - Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
  - Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.
2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
  1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
    
    Note
    
    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.
  2. Select azure as the platform to target.
    
    If the installation program cannot locate the osServicePrincipal.json configuration file from a previous installation, you are prompted for Azure subscription and authentication values.
  3. Enter the following Azure parameter values for your subscription:
    - azure subscription id: Enter the subscription ID to use for the cluster.
    - azure tenant id: Enter the tenant ID.
  4. Depending on the Azure identity you are using to deploy the cluster, do one of the following when prompted for the azure service principal client id:
    - If you are using a service principal, enter its application ID.
    - If you are using a system-assigned managed identity, leave this value blank.
    - If you are using a user-assigned managed identity, specify its client ID.
  5. Depending on the Azure identity you are using to deploy the cluster, do one of the following when prompted for the azure service principal client secret:
    - If you are using a service principal, enter its password.
    - If you are using a system-assigned managed identity, leave this value blank.
    - If you are using a user-assigned managed identity, leave this value blank.
  6. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
  7. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.
  8. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
    
    Warning
    
    All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.
  9. Paste the pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.
Edit the install-config.yaml file to give the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.
1. Update the pullSecret value to contain the authentication information for your registry:
```
pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'
```
  For <mirror_host_name>, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for <credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.
2. Add the additionalTrustBundle parameter and value.
```
additionalTrustBundle: |
  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
```
  The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry. The certificate file can be an existing, trusted certificate authority, or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.
3. Define the network and subnets for the VNet to install the cluster under the platform.azure field:
```
networkResourceGroupName: <vnet_resource_group>
virtualNetwork: <vnet>
controlPlaneSubnet: <control_plane_subnet>
computeSubnet: <compute_subnet>
```
  where:
  
  <vnet_resource_group>
  
  Specifies the resource group name that contains the existing virtual network (VNet).
  
  <vnet>
  
  Specifies the existing virtual network name.
  
  <control_plane_subnet>
  
  Specifies the existing subnet name to deploy the control plane machines.
  
  <compute_subnet>
  
  Specifies the existing subnet name to deploy compute machines.
4. Add the image content resources, which resemble the following YAML excerpt:
```
imageContentSources:
- mirrors:
  - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
  source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
  - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
  source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release
```
  For these values, use the imageContentSources that you recorded during mirror registry creation.
5. Optionally, set the publishing strategy to Internal:
```
publish: Internal
```
  By setting this option, you create an internal Ingress Controller and a private load balancer.
  
  Warning
  
  Azure Firewall does not work seamlessly with Azure Public Load balancers. Thus, when using Azure Firewall for restricting internet access, the publish field in install-config.yaml should be set to Internal.
Make any other modifications to the install-config.yaml file that you require.

For more information about the parameters, see "Installation configuration parameters".
Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

Warning

The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

If previously not detected, the installation program creates an osServicePrincipal.json configuration file and stores this file in the ~/.azure/ directory on your computer. This ensures that the installation program can load the profile when it is creating an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the target platform.

Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation¶

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.
You have reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, the proxy handles all cluster egress traffic, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

Note

The Proxy object status.noProxy field includes the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field also includes the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:
```
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
  noProxy: example.com
additionalTrustBundle: |
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle>
# ...
```
where:

proxy.httpProxy

Specifies a proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.

proxy.httpsProxy

Specifies a proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.

proxy.noProxy

Specifies a comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.

additionalTrustBundle

If you specify this value, the installation program generates a config map named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you specify additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object references the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. You must set the additionalTrustBundle field unless an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle signs the proxy’s identity certificate.

additionalTrustBundlePolicy

Specifies the policy that determines the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when you configure an http/https proxy. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly. Optional parameter.

Note

The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.
Note

If the installation program times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installation program. For example:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
```
Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file. If you do not give proxy settings, the installation program still creates a cluster Proxy object, but it has a nil spec.

Note

Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and you cannot create additional proxies.

Exporting common variables for ARM templates¶

To deploy Azure infrastructure with the provided ARM templates, you must export a common set of variables that are used with the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates used to assist in completing a user-provided infrastructure install on Microsoft Azure.

Note

Specific ARM templates can also require additional exported variables, which are detailed in their related procedures.

Prerequisites

Obtain the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

Export common variables found in the install-config.yaml to be used by the provided ARM templates:
```
$ export CLUSTER_NAME=<cluster_name>
```
where:

<cluster_name>

The value of the .metadata.name attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
```
$ export AZURE_REGION=<azure_region>
```
where:

<azure_region>

The region to deploy the cluster into, for example centralus. This is the value of the .platform.azure.region attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
```
$ export SSH_KEY=<ssh_key>
```
where: <ssh_key>:: The SSH RSA public key file as a string. You must enclose the SSH key in quotes since it contains spaces. This is the value of the .sshKey attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
```
$ export BASE_DOMAIN=<base_domain>
```
where:

<base_domain>

The base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster. This is the value of the .baseDomain attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
```
$ export BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP=<base_domain_resource_group>
```
where:

<base_domain_resource_group>

The resource group where the public DNS zone exists. This is the value of the .platform.azure.baseDomainResourceGroupName attribute from the install-config.yaml file.

For example:
```
$ export CLUSTER_NAME=test-cluster
```
```
$ export AZURE_REGION=centralus
```
```
$ export SSH_KEY="ssh-rsa xxx/xxx/xxx= user@email.com"
```
```
$ export BASE_DOMAIN=example.com
```
```
$ export BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP=ocp-cluster
```
Export the kubeadmin credentials:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
```
where:

<installation_directory>

Specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files¶

Because you manually provision infrastructure, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster requires.

The installation program converts the installation configuration into Kubernetes manifests and then wraps them into Ignition configuration files. You use these Ignition files to configure the cluster machines.

Warning

The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which the system then renews. If you shut down the cluster before the system renews the certificates and you later restart the cluster after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
Use Ignition config files within 12 hours after you generate them, because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after you install the cluster. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Prerequisites

You obtained the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.
You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:
```
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
```
where:

<installation_directory>

Specifies the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.
Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:
```
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml
```
By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.

Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machine set:

$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-machine-api_master-control-plane-machine-set.yaml

Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:
```
$ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml
```
Warning

If you disabled the MachineAPI capability when installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure, you must remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines. Otherwise, your cluster fails to install.

Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.
Verify that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:
1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.
2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and verify that it is set to false.
3. Save and exit the file.
Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the privateZone and publicZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file:
```
apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: DNS
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: cluster
spec:
  baseDomain: example.openshift.com
  privateZone:
    id: mycluster-100419-private-zone
  publicZone:
    id: example.openshift.com
status: {}
```
spec.privateZone: Remove this section completely.

If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.
When you configure Azure on user-provisioned infrastructure, you must export some common variables defined in the manifest files to use later in the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates:
1. Export the infrastructure ID by using the following command:
```
$ export INFRA_ID=<infra_id>
```
  where:
  
  <infra_id>
  
  Specifies the OpenShift Container Platform cluster identifier (INFRA_ID) in the form of <cluster_name>-<random_string>. Most resources that the provided ARM templates create use this identifier as the base name. This is the value of the .status.infrastructureName attribute from the manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml file.
2. Export the resource group by using the following command:
```
$ export RESOURCE_GROUP=<resource_group>
```
  where:
  
  <resource_group>
  
  Specifies the resource group that contains all resources in this Azure deployment. The resource group name is also based on the INFRA_ID, in the form of <cluster_name>-<random_string>-rg. This is the value of the .status.platformStatus.azure.resourceGroupName attribute from the manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml file.
To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:
```
$ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory>
```
where:

<installation_directory>

Specifies the same installation directory. The installation program creates Ignition config files for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The program also creates the kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory:
```
.
├── auth
│   ├── kubeadmin-password
│   └── kubeconfig
├── bootstrap.ign
├── master.ign
├── metadata.json
└── worker.ign
```

Creating the Azure resource group¶

You must create a Microsoft Azure resource group and an identity for that resource group. Both are used when you install your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Azure.

For more information, see "Azure resource groups".

Procedure

Create the resource group in a supported Azure region:

$ az group create --name ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --location ${AZURE_REGION}

Create an Azure identity for the resource group:
```
$ az identity create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${INFRA_ID}-identity
```
This is used to grant the required access to Operators in your cluster. For example, this allows the Ingress Operator to create a public IP and its load balancer. You must assign the Azure identity to a role.

Grant the Contributor role to the Azure identity:

Export the following variables required by the Azure role assignment:

$ export PRINCIPAL_ID=`az identity show -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${INFRA_ID}-identity --query principalId --out tsv`

$ export RESOURCE_GROUP_ID=`az group show -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --query id --out tsv`

Assign the Contributor role to the identity:

$ az role assignment create --assignee "${PRINCIPAL_ID}" --role 'Contributor' --scope "${RESOURCE_GROUP_ID}"

Note

If you want to assign a custom role with all the required permissions to the identity, run the following command:

$ az role assignment create --assignee "${PRINCIPAL_ID}" --role <custom_role> \
--scope "${RESOURCE_GROUP_ID}"

Replace <custom_role> with the custom role name.

Additional resources

Azure resource groups (Azure documentation)

Uploading the RHCOS cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config file¶

To make the RHCOS cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config accessible during deployment, you can upload them to an Azure storage container.

The Azure client does not support deployments based on files existing locally. You must copy and store the RHCOS virtual hard disk (VHD) cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config file in a storage container so they are accessible during deployment.

Prerequisites

Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

Create an Azure storage account to store the VHD cluster image:
```
$ az storage account create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --location ${AZURE_REGION} --name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --kind Storage --sku Standard_LRS
```
Warning

The Azure storage account name must be between 3 and 24 characters in length and use numbers and lower-case letters only. If your CLUSTER_NAME variable does not follow these restrictions, you must manually define the Azure storage account name. For more information on Azure storage account name restrictions, see Resolve errors for storage account names in the Azure documentation.

Export the storage account key as an environment variable:

$ export ACCOUNT_KEY=`az storage account keys list -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --query "[0].value" -o tsv`

Export the URL of the RHCOS VHD to an environment variable:
```
$ export VHD_URL=`openshift-install coreos print-stream-json | jq -r '.architectures.<architecture>."rhel-coreos-extensions"."azure-disk".url'`
```
where:

<architecture>

Specifies the architecture, valid values include x86_64 or aarch64.

Warning

The RHCOS images might not change with every release of OpenShift Container Platform. You must specify an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version if it is available.

Create the storage container for the VHD:

$ az storage container create --name vhd --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY}

Copy the local VHD to a blob:

$ az storage blob copy start --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} --destination-blob "rhcos.vhd" --destination-container vhd --source-uri "${VHD_URL}"

Create a blob storage container and upload the generated bootstrap.ign file:

$ az storage container create --name files --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY}

$ az storage blob upload --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c "files" -f "<installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign" -n "bootstrap.ign"

Example for creating DNS zones¶

To create the required DNS zones for a user-provisioned cluster, you can add public and private DNS zones that resolve your cluster domain. You should choose the DNS strategy that fits your scenario.

For this example, Azure’s DNS solution is used, so you will create a new public DNS zone for external (internet) visibility and a private DNS zone for internal cluster resolution.

Note

The public DNS zone is not required to exist in the same resource group as the cluster deployment and might already exist in your organization for the desired base domain. If that is the case, you can skip creating the public DNS zone; be sure the installation config you generated earlier reflects that scenario.

Procedure

Create the new public DNS zone in the resource group exported in the BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP environment variable:

$ az network dns zone create -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}

You can skip this step if you are using a public DNS zone that already exists.

Create the private DNS zone in the same resource group as the rest of this deployment:

$ az network private-dns zone create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}

Additional resources

Configuring a public DNS zone in Azure

Creating a VNet in Azure¶

To provide network connectivity for your cluster on Microsoft Azure, you can create a virtual network (VNet) by using the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Note

If you do not use the provided ARM template to create your Azure infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Procedure

Copy the template from the ARM template for the VNet section of this topic and save it as 01_vnet.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the VNet that your cluster requires.

Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

$ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
  --template-file "<installation_directory>/01_vnet.json" \
  --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}"

baseName specifies the base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

Link the VNet template to the private DNS zone:

$ az network private-dns link vnet create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n ${INFRA_ID}-network-link -v "${INFRA_ID}-vnet" -e false

ARM template for the VNet¶

Use the 01_vnet.json Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the virtual network (VNet) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

01_vnet.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-vnet')]",
    "addressPrefix" : "10.0.0.0/16",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetPrefix" : "10.0.0.0/24",
    "nodeSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-worker-subnet')]",
    "nodeSubnetPrefix" : "10.0.1.0/24",
    "clusterNsgName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-nsg')]"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "name" : "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "addressSpace" : {
          "addressPrefixes" : [
            "[variables('addressPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets" : [
          {
            "name" : "[variables('masterSubnetName')]",
            "properties" : {
              "addressPrefix" : "[variables('masterSubnetPrefix')]",
              "serviceEndpoints": [],
              "networkSecurityGroup" : {
                "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "[variables('nodeSubnetName')]",
            "properties" : {
              "addressPrefix" : "[variables('nodeSubnetPrefix')]",
              "serviceEndpoints": [],
              "networkSecurityGroup" : {
                "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
      "name" : "[variables('clusterNsgName')]",
      "apiVersion" : "2018-10-01",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "properties" : {
        "securityRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "apiserver_in",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "sourcePortRange" : "*",
              "destinationPortRange" : "6443",
              "sourceAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "access" : "Allow",
              "priority" : 101,
              "direction" : "Inbound"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Deploying the RHCOS cluster image for the Azure infrastructure¶

To provision cluster nodes on Microsoft Azure, you must use a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for Microsoft Azure for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.

Prerequisites

Store the RHCOS virtual hard disk (VHD) cluster image in an Azure storage container.
Store the bootstrap Ignition config file in an Azure storage container.

Procedure

Copy the template from the ARM template for image storage section of this topic and save it as 02_storage.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the image storage that your cluster requires.

Export the RHCOS VHD blob URL as a variable:

$ export VHD_BLOB_URL=`az storage blob url --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c vhd -n "rhcos.vhd" -o tsv`

Deploy the cluster image:
```
$ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
  --template-file "<installation_directory>/02_storage.json" \
  --parameters vhdBlobURL="${VHD_BLOB_URL}" \
  --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}" \
  --parameters storageAccount="${CLUSTER_NAME}sa" \
  --parameters architecture="<architecture>"
```
where:

vhdBlobURL

Specifies the blob URL of the RHCOS VHD to be used to create master and worker machines.

baseName

Specifies the base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

storageAccount

Specifies the name of your Azure storage account.

architecture

Specifies the system architecture. Valid values are x64 (default) or Arm64.

ARM template for image storage¶

Use the 02_storage.json Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy stored Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image resources for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

02_storage.json ARM template

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "architecture": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The architecture of the Virtual Machines"
      },
      "defaultValue": "x64",
      "allowedValues": [
        "Arm64",
        "x64"
      ]
    },
    "baseName": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 1,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "storageAccount": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The Storage Account name"
      }
    },
    "vhdBlobURL": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "URL pointing to the blob where the VHD to be used to create master and worker machines is located"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "location": "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "galleryName": "[concat('gallery_', replace(parameters('baseName'), '-', '_'))]",
    "imageName": "[parameters('baseName')]",
    "imageNameGen2": "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-gen2')]",
    "imageRelease": "1.0.0"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2021-10-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/galleries",
      "name": "[variables('galleryName')]",
      "location": "[variables('location')]",
      "resources": [
        {
          "apiVersion": "2021-10-01",
          "type": "images",
          "name": "[variables('imageName')]",
          "location": "[variables('location')]",
          "dependsOn": [
            "[variables('galleryName')]"
          ],
          "properties": {
            "architecture": "[parameters('architecture')]",
            "hyperVGeneration": "V1",
            "identifier": {
              "offer": "rhcos",
              "publisher": "RedHat",
              "sku": "basic"
            },
            "osState": "Generalized",
            "osType": "Linux"
          },
          "resources": [
            {
              "apiVersion": "2022-03-03",
              "type": "versions",
              "name": "[variables('imageRelease')]",
              "location": "[variables('location')]",
              "dependsOn": [
                "[variables('imageName')]"
              ],
              "properties": {
                "publishingProfile": {
                  "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
                  "targetRegions": [
                    {
                      "name": "[variables('location')]",
                      "regionalReplicaCount": "1"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "storageProfile": {
                  "osDiskImage": {
                    "source": {
                      "storageAccountId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', parameters('storageAccount'))]",
                      "uri": "[parameters('vhdBlobURL')]"
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "apiVersion": "2021-10-01",
          "type": "images",
          "name": "[variables('imageNameGen2')]",
          "location": "[variables('location')]",
          "dependsOn": [
            "[variables('galleryName')]"
          ],
          "properties": {
            "architecture": "[parameters('architecture')]",
            "hyperVGeneration": "V2",
            "identifier": {
              "offer": "rhcos-gen2",
              "publisher": "RedHat-gen2",
              "sku": "gen2"
            },
            "osState": "Generalized",
            "osType": "Linux"
          },
          "resources": [
            {
              "apiVersion": "2022-03-03",
              "type": "versions",
              "name": "[variables('imageRelease')]",
              "location": "[variables('location')]",
              "dependsOn": [
                "[variables('imageNameGen2')]"
              ],
              "properties": {
                "publishingProfile": {
                  "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
                  "targetRegions": [
                    {
                      "name": "[variables('location')]",
                      "regionalReplicaCount": "1"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "storageProfile": {
                  "osDiskImage": {
                    "source": {
                      "storageAccountId": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', parameters('storageAccount'))]",
                      "uri": "[parameters('vhdBlobURL')]"
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure¶

You must configure networking for all the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines in initramfs during boot, so that they can fetch their Ignition config files.

Network connectivity requirements¶

You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow OpenShift Container Platform cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the hostnames of all other machines in the cluster.

This section provides details about the ports that are required.

Warning

In connected OpenShift Container Platform environments, all nodes are required to have internet access to pull images for platform containers and provide telemetry data to Red Hat.

Ports used for all-machine to all-machine communications

Protocol	Port	Description
ICMP	N/A	Network reachability tests
TCP	`1936`	Metrics
	`9000`-`9999`	Host level services, including the node exporter on ports `9100`-`9101` and the Cluster Version Operator on port `9099`.
	`10250`-`10259`	The default ports that Kubernetes reserves
	`22623`	The port handles traffic from the Machine Config Server and directs the traffic to the control plane machines.
UDP	`6081`	Geneve
	`9000`-`9999`	Host level services, including the node exporter on ports `9100`-`9101`.
	`500`	IPsec IKE packets
	`4500`	IPsec NAT-T packets
	`123`	Network Time Protocol (NTP) on UDP port `123`. If an external NTP time server is configured, you must open UDP port `123`.
TCP/UDP	`30000`-`32767`	Kubernetes node port
ESP	N/A	IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)

Ports used for all-machine to control plane communications

Protocol	Port	Description
TCP	`6443`	Kubernetes API

Ports used for control plane machine to control plane machine communications

Protocol	Port	Description
TCP	`2379`-`2380`	etcd server and peer ports

Creating networking and load balancing components in Azure¶

To enable cluster communication on Microsoft Azure, you must deploy networking and load balancing components by using the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Note

If you do not use the provided ARM template to create your Azure infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

Create and configure a VNet and associated subnets in Azure.

Procedure

Copy the template from the ARM template for the network and load balancers section of this topic and save it as 03_infra.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the networking and load balancing objects that your cluster requires.

Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

$ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
  --template-file "<installation_directory>/03_infra.json" \
  --parameters privateDNSZoneName="${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}" \
  --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}"

where:

privateDNSZoneName: Specifies the name of the private DNS zone.
baseName: Specifies the base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

Create an api DNS record in the public zone for the API public load balancer. The ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} variable must point to the resource group where the public DNS zone exists.

Export the following variable:

$ export PUBLIC_IP=`az network public-ip list -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "[?name=='${INFRA_ID}-master-pip'] | [0].ipAddress" -o tsv`

Create the api DNS record in a new public zone:

$ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n api -a ${PUBLIC_IP} --ttl 60

If you are adding the cluster to an existing public zone, you can create the api DNS record in it instead:

$ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${BASE_DOMAIN} -n api.${CLUSTER_NAME} -a ${PUBLIC_IP} --ttl 60

ARM template for the network and load balancers¶

Use the 03_infra.json Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy networking objects and load balancers for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

03_infra.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "vnetBaseName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The specific customer vnet's base name (optional)"
      }
    },
    "privateDNSZoneName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Name of the private DNS zone"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-vnet')]",
    "virtualNetworkID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetRef" : "[concat(variables('virtualNetworkID'), '/subnets/', variables('masterSubnetName'))]",
    "masterPublicIpAddressName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-pip')]",
    "masterPublicIpAddressID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('masterPublicIpAddressName'))]",
    "masterLoadBalancerName" : "[parameters('baseName')]",
    "masterLoadBalancerID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]",
    "internalLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-internal-lb')]",
    "internalLoadBalancerID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]",
    "skuName": "Standard"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "name" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod" : "Static",
        "dnsSettings" : {
          "domainNameLabel" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressName')]"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "name" : "[variables('masterLoadBalancerName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/', variables('masterPublicIpAddressName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "frontendIPConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "public-lb-ip-v4",
            "properties" : {
              "publicIPAddress" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressID')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools" : [
          {
            "name" : "[variables('masterLoadBalancerName')]"
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" :"[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/public-lb-ip-v4')]"
              },
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]"
              },
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "frontendPort" : 6443,
              "backendPort" : 6443,
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/api-internal-probe')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "probes" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Https",
              "port" : 6443,
              "requestPath": "/readyz",
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "name" : "[variables('internalLoadBalancerName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "frontendIPConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "internal-lb-ip",
            "properties" : {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod" : "Dynamic",
              "subnet" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterSubnetRef')]"
              },
              "privateIPAddressVersion" : "IPv4"
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools" : [
          {
            "name" : "internal-lb-backend"
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/internal-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "frontendPort" : 6443,
              "backendPort" : 6443,
              "enableFloatingIP" : false,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "enableTcpReset" : false,
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/internal-lb-backend')]"
              },
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/api-internal-probe')]"
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "sint",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/internal-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "frontendPort" : 22623,
              "backendPort" : 22623,
              "enableFloatingIP" : false,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "enableTcpReset" : false,
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/internal-lb-backend')]"
              },
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/sint-probe')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "probes" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Https",
              "port" : 6443,
              "requestPath": "/readyz",
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "sint-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Https",
              "port" : 22623,
              "requestPath": "/healthz",
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2018-09-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('privateDNSZoneName'), '/api')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "ttl": 60,
        "aRecords": [
          {
            "ipv4Address": "[reference(variables('internalLoadBalancerName')).frontendIPConfigurations[0].properties.privateIPAddress]"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2018-09-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('privateDNSZoneName'), '/api-int')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "ttl": 60,
        "aRecords": [
          {
            "ipv4Address": "[reference(variables('internalLoadBalancerName')).frontendIPConfigurations[0].properties.privateIPAddress]"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Creating the bootstrap machine in Azure¶

To initialize your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Microsoft Azure, you must deploy the bootstrap machine by using the 04_bootstrap.json ARM template.

Note

If you do not use the provided ARM template to create your bootstrap machine, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

Create and configure networking and load balancers in Azure.
Create the Azure identity and grant the appropriate roles.

Procedure

Copy the template from the ARM template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as 04_bootstrap.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires.

Export the bootstrap URL variable:

$ bootstrap_url_expiry=`date -u -d "10 hours" '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ'`

$ export BOOTSTRAP_URL=`az storage blob generate-sas -c 'files' -n 'bootstrap.ign' --https-only --full-uri --permissions r --expiry $bootstrap_url_expiry --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -o tsv`

Export the bootstrap ignition variable:

$ export BOOTSTRAP_IGNITION=`jq -rcnM --arg v "3.2.0" --arg url ${BOOTSTRAP_URL} '{ignition:{version:$v,config:{replace:{source:$url}}}}' | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

Create the deployment by using the az CLI:
```
$ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
  --template-file "<installation_directory>/04_bootstrap.json" \
  --parameters bootstrapIgnition="${BOOTSTRAP_IGNITION}" \
  --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}" \
  --parameter bootstrapVMSize="Standard_D4s_v3"
```
where:

bootstrapIgnition

Specifies the bootstrap Ignition content for the bootstrap cluster.

baseName

Specifies the base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

bootstrapVMSize

Specifies the size of the bootstrap VM. Use a VM size compatible with your specified architecture. If this value is not defined, the default value from the template is set. This parameter is optional.

ARM template for the bootstrap machine¶

Use the 04_bootstrap.json Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the bootstrap machine for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

04_bootstrap.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "vnetBaseName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The specific customer vnet's base name (optional)"
      }
    },
    "bootstrapIgnition" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Bootstrap ignition content for the bootstrap cluster"
      }
    },
    "sshKeyData" : {
      "type" : "securestring",
      "defaultValue" : "Unused",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Unused"
      }
    },
    "bootstrapVMSize" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "defaultValue" : "Standard_D4s_v3",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The size of the Bootstrap Virtual Machine"
      }
    },
    "hyperVGen": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "VM generation image to use"
      },
      "defaultValue": "V2",
      "allowedValues": [
        "V1",
        "V2"
      ]
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-vnet')]",
    "virtualNetworkID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetRef" : "[concat(variables('virtualNetworkID'), '/subnets/', variables('masterSubnetName'))]",
    "masterLoadBalancerName" : "[parameters('baseName')]",
    "internalLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-internal-lb')]",
    "sshKeyPath" : "/home/core/.ssh/authorized_keys",
    "identityName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-identity')]",
    "vmName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-bootstrap')]",
    "nicName" : "[concat(variables('vmName'), '-nic')]",
    "galleryName": "[concat('gallery_', replace(parameters('baseName'), '-', '_'))]",
    "imageName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), if(equals(parameters('hyperVGen'), 'V2'), '-gen2', ''))]",
    "clusterNsgName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-nsg')]",
    "sshPublicIpAddressName" : "[concat(variables('vmName'), '-ssh-pip')]"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "name" : "[variables('sshPublicIpAddressName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod" : "Static",
        "dnsSettings" : {
          "domainNameLabel" : "[variables('sshPublicIpAddressName')]"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "name" : "[variables('nicName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('sshPublicIpAddressName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "ipConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "pipConfig",
            "properties" : {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod" : "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('sshPublicIpAddressName'))]"
              },
              "subnet" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterSubnetRef')]"
              },
              "loadBalancerBackendAddressPools" : [
                {
                  "id" : "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'), '/backendAddressPools/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]"
                },
                {
                  "id" : "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'), '/backendAddressPools/internal-lb-backend')]"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "name" : "[variables('vmName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "identity" : {
        "type" : "userAssigned",
        "userAssignedIdentities" : {
          "[resourceID('Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/', variables('identityName'))]" : {}
        }
      },
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', variables('nicName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "hardwareProfile" : {
          "vmSize" : "[parameters('bootstrapVMSize')]"
        },
        "osProfile" : {
          "computerName" : "[variables('vmName')]",
          "adminUsername" : "core",
          "adminPassword" : "NotActuallyApplied!",
          "customData" : "[parameters('bootstrapIgnition')]",
          "linuxConfiguration" : {
            "disablePasswordAuthentication" : false
          }
        },
        "storageProfile" : {
          "imageReference": {
            "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images', variables('galleryName'), variables('imageName'))]"
          },
          "osDisk" : {
            "name": "[concat(variables('vmName'),'_OSDisk')]",
            "osType" : "Linux",
            "createOption" : "FromImage",
            "managedDisk": {
              "storageAccountType": "Premium_LRS"
            },
            "diskSizeGB" : 100
          }
        },
        "networkProfile" : {
          "networkInterfaces" : [
            {
              "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('nicName'))]"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules",
      "name" : "[concat(variables('clusterNsgName'), '/bootstrap_ssh_in')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines', variables('vmName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "protocol" : "Tcp",
        "sourcePortRange" : "*",
        "destinationPortRange" : "22",
        "sourceAddressPrefix" : "*",
        "destinationAddressPrefix" : "*",
        "access" : "Allow",
        "priority" : 100,
        "direction" : "Inbound"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Creating the control plane machines in Azure¶

To form the control plane for your cluster on Microsoft Azure, you must deploy control plane machines by using the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Note

By default, Microsoft Azure places control plane machines and compute machines in a pre-set availability zone. You can manually set an availability zone for a compute node or control plane node. To do this, modify a vendor’s Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template by specifying each of your availability zones in the zones parameter of the virtual machine resource.

If you do not use the provided ARM template to create your control plane machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, consider contacting Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Prerequisites

Create the bootstrap machine.

Procedure

Copy the template from the ARM template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as 05_masters.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires.

Export the following variable needed by the control plane machine deployment:

$ export MASTER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/master.ign | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

Create the deployment by using the az CLI:
```
$ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
  --template-file "<installation_directory>/05_masters.json" \
  --parameters masterIgnition="${MASTER_IGNITION}" \
  --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}" \
  --parameters masterVMSize="Standard_D8s_v3"
```
where:

masterIgnition

Specifies the Ignition content for the control plane nodes.

baseName

Specifies the base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

masterVMSize

Specifies the size of the Control Plane VM. Use a VM size compatible with your specified architecture. If this value is not defined, the default value from the template is set. This parameter is optional.

ARM template for control plane machines¶

Use the 05_masters.json Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the control plane machines for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

05_masters.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "vnetBaseName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The specific customer vnet's base name (optional)"
      }
    },
    "masterIgnition" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Ignition content for the master nodes"
      }
    },
    "numberOfMasters" : {
      "type" : "int",
      "defaultValue" : 3,
      "minValue" : 2,
      "maxValue" : 30,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Number of OpenShift masters to deploy"
      }
    },
    "sshKeyData" : {
      "type" : "securestring",
      "defaultValue" : "Unused",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Unused"
      }
    },
    "privateDNSZoneName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "defaultValue" : "",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "unused"
      }
    },
    "masterVMSize" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "defaultValue" : "Standard_D8s_v3",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The size of the Master Virtual Machines"
      }
    },
    "diskSizeGB" : {
      "type" : "int",
      "defaultValue" : 1024,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Size of the Master VM OS disk, in GB"
      }
    },
    "hyperVGen": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "VM generation image to use"
      },
      "defaultValue": "V2",
      "allowedValues": [
        "V1",
        "V2"
      ]
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-vnet')]",
    "virtualNetworkID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetRef" : "[concat(variables('virtualNetworkID'), '/subnets/', variables('masterSubnetName'))]",
    "masterLoadBalancerName" : "[parameters('baseName')]",
    "internalLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-internal-lb')]",
    "sshKeyPath" : "/home/core/.ssh/authorized_keys",
    "identityName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-identity')]",
    "galleryName": "[concat('gallery_', replace(parameters('baseName'), '-', '_'))]",
    "imageName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), if(equals(parameters('hyperVGen'), 'V2'), '-gen2', ''))]",
    "copy" : [
      {
        "name" : "vmNames",
        "count" :  "[parameters('numberOfMasters')]",
        "input" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-', copyIndex('vmNames'))]"
      }
    ]
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "copy" : {
        "name" : "nicCopy",
        "count" : "[length(variables('vmNames'))]"
      },
      "name" : "[concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()], '-nic')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "properties" : {
        "ipConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "pipConfig",
            "properties" : {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod" : "Dynamic",
              "subnet" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterSubnetRef')]"
              },
              "loadBalancerBackendAddressPools" : [
                {
                  "id" : "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'), '/backendAddressPools/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]"
                },
                {
                  "id" : "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'), '/backendAddressPools/internal-lb-backend')]"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "copy" : {
        "name" : "vmCopy",
        "count" : "[length(variables('vmNames'))]"
      },
      "name" : "[variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()]]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "identity" : {
        "type" : "userAssigned",
        "userAssignedIdentities" : {
          "[resourceID('Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/', variables('identityName'))]" : {}
        }
      },
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()], '-nic'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "hardwareProfile" : {
          "vmSize" : "[parameters('masterVMSize')]"
        },
        "osProfile" : {
          "computerName" : "[variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()]]",
          "adminUsername" : "core",
          "adminPassword" : "NotActuallyApplied!",
          "customData" : "[parameters('masterIgnition')]",
          "linuxConfiguration" : {
            "disablePasswordAuthentication" : false
          }
        },
        "storageProfile" : {
          "imageReference": {
            "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images', variables('galleryName'), variables('imageName'))]"
          },
          "osDisk" : {
            "name": "[concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()], '_OSDisk')]",
            "osType" : "Linux",
            "createOption" : "FromImage",
            "caching": "ReadOnly",
            "writeAcceleratorEnabled": false,
            "managedDisk": {
              "storageAccountType": "Premium_LRS"
            },
            "diskSizeGB" : "[parameters('diskSizeGB')]"
          }
        },
        "networkProfile" : {
          "networkInterfaces" : [
            {
              "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()], '-nic'))]",
              "properties": {
                "primary": false
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Wait for bootstrap completion and remove bootstrap resources in Azure¶

To complete cluster initialization on Microsoft Azure, you can wait for the bootstrap process to finish and then delete bootstrap resources.

Prerequisites

Create the control plane machines.

Procedure

Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
```
$ ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \
    --log-level info
```
where:

<installation_directory>

Specifies the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

--log-level info

Specifies the installation details. Specify warn, debug, or error instead of info to view different installation details. If the command exits without a FATAL warning, your production control plane has initialized.

Delete the bootstrap resources:

$ az network nsg rule delete -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --nsg-name ${INFRA_ID}-nsg --name bootstrap_ssh_in

$ az vm stop -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --name ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap

$ az vm deallocate -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --name ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap

$ az vm delete -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --name ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap --yes

$ az disk delete -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --name ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap_OSDisk --no-wait --yes

$ az network nic delete -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --name ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-nic --no-wait

$ az storage blob delete --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --container-name files --name bootstrap.ign

$ az network public-ip delete -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --name ${INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ssh-pip

Note

If you do not delete the bootstrap server, installation may not succeed due to API traffic being routed to the bootstrap server.

Creating additional worker machines in Azure¶

To add compute capacity on Microsoft Azure, you can create worker machines in Microsoft Azure for your cluster to use by launching individual instances discretely or by automated processes outside the cluster, such as auto scaling groups.

You can also take advantage of the built-in cluster scaling mechanisms and the machine API in OpenShift Container Platform.

In this example, you manually launch one instance by using the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template. Additional instances can be launched by including additional resources of type 06_workers.json in the file.

Note

By default, Microsoft Azure places control plane machines and compute machines in a pre-set availability zone. You can manually set an availability zone for a compute node or control plane node. To do this, modify a vendor’s ARM template by specifying each of your availability zones in the zones parameter of the virtual machine resource.

If you do not use the provided ARM template to create your control plane machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, consider contacting Red Hat support with your installation logs.

Procedure

Copy the template from the ARM template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as 06_workers.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the worker machines that your cluster requires.

Export the following variable needed by the worker machine deployment:

$ export WORKER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/worker.ign | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

Create the deployment by using the az CLI:
```
$ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
  --template-file "<installation_directory>/06_workers.json" \
  --parameters workerIgnition="${WORKER_IGNITION}" \
  --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}" \
  --parameters nodeVMSize="Standard_D4s_v3"
```
where:

workerIgnition

Specifies the Ignition content for the worker nodes.

baseName

Specifies the base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

nodeVMSize

Specifies the size of the compute node VM. Use a VM size compatible with your specified architecture. If this value is not defined, the default value from the template is set. This parameter is optional.

ARM template for worker machines¶

Use the 06_workers.json Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy worker machines for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

06_workers.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "vnetBaseName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The specific customer vnet's base name (optional)"
      }
    },
    "workerIgnition" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Ignition content for the worker nodes"
      }
    },
    "numberOfNodes" : {
      "type" : "int",
      "defaultValue" : 3,
      "minValue" : 2,
      "maxValue" : 30,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Number of OpenShift compute nodes to deploy"
      }
    },
    "sshKeyData" : {
      "type" : "securestring",
      "defaultValue" : "Unused",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Unused"
      }
    },
    "nodeVMSize" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "defaultValue" : "Standard_D4s_v3",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The size of the each Node Virtual Machine"
      }
    },
    "hyperVGen": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "VM generation image to use"
      },
      "defaultValue": "V2",
      "allowedValues": [
        "V1",
        "V2"
      ]
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-vnet')]",
    "virtualNetworkID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "nodeSubnetName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-worker-subnet')]",
    "nodeSubnetRef" : "[concat(variables('virtualNetworkID'), '/subnets/', variables('nodeSubnetName'))]",
    "infraLoadBalancerName" : "[parameters('baseName')]",
    "sshKeyPath" : "/home/capi/.ssh/authorized_keys",
    "identityName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-identity')]",
    "galleryName": "[concat('gallery_', replace(parameters('baseName'), '-', '_'))]",
    "imageName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), if(equals(parameters('hyperVGen'), 'V2'), '-gen2', ''))]",
    "copy" : [
      {
        "name" : "vmNames",
        "count" :  "[parameters('numberOfNodes')]",
        "input" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-worker-', variables('location'), '-', copyIndex('vmNames', 1))]"
      }
    ]
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2019-05-01",
      "name" : "[concat('node', copyIndex())]",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Resources/deployments",
      "copy" : {
        "name" : "nodeCopy",
        "count" : "[length(variables('vmNames'))]"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "mode" : "Incremental",
        "template" : {
          "$schema" : "http://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
          "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
          "resources" : [
            {
              "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
              "type" : "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
              "name" : "[concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()], '-nic')]",
              "location" : "[variables('location')]",
              "properties" : {
                "ipConfigurations" : [
                  {
                    "name" : "pipConfig",
                    "properties" : {
                      "privateIPAllocationMethod" : "Dynamic",
                      "subnet" : {
                        "id" : "[variables('nodeSubnetRef')]"
                      }
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            {
              "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
              "type" : "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
              "name" : "[variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()]]",
              "location" : "[variables('location')]",
              "tags" : {
                "kubernetes.io-cluster-ffranzupi": "owned"
              },
              "identity" : {
                "type" : "userAssigned",
                "userAssignedIdentities" : {
                  "[resourceID('Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/', variables('identityName'))]" : {}
                }
              },
              "dependsOn" : [
                "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()], '-nic'))]"
              ],
              "properties" : {
                "hardwareProfile" : {
                  "vmSize" : "[parameters('nodeVMSize')]"
                },
                "osProfile" : {
                  "computerName" : "[variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()]]",
                  "adminUsername" : "capi",
                  "adminPassword" : "NotActuallyApplied!",
                  "customData" : "[parameters('workerIgnition')]",
                  "linuxConfiguration" : {
                    "disablePasswordAuthentication" : false
                  }
                },
                "storageProfile" : {
                  "imageReference": {
                    "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images', variables('galleryName'), variables('imageName'))]"
                  },
                  "osDisk" : {
                    "name": "[concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()],'_OSDisk')]",
                    "osType" : "Linux",
                    "createOption" : "FromImage",
                    "managedDisk": {
                      "storageAccountType": "Premium_LRS"
                    },
                    "diskSizeGB": 128
                  }
                },
                "networkProfile" : {
                  "networkInterfaces" : [
                    {
                      "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()], '-nic'))]",
                      "properties": {
                        "primary": true
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux¶

To manage your cluster and deploy applications from the command line on Linux, install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary. You can download the OpenShift CLI (oc) from the Red Customer Portal.

Warning

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform.

Download and install the new version of oc.

Procedure

Navigate to the Download OpenShift Container Platform page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.22 Linux Clients entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

To check your PATH, run the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows¶

To manage your cluster and deploy applications from the command line on Windows, install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary. You can download the OpenShift CLI (oc) from the Red Customer Portal.

Warning

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform.

Download and install the new version of oc.

Procedure

Navigate to the Download OpenShift Container Platform page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.22 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Extract the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH variable.

To check your PATH variable, open the Command Prompt and run the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS¶

To manage your cluster and deploy applications from the command line on macOS, install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary. You can download the OpenShift CLI (oc) from the Red Customer Portal.

Warning

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform.

Download and install the new version of oc.

Procedure

Navigate to the Download OpenShift Container Platform page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.22 macOS Clients entry and save the file.

Note

For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.22 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Extract the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH variable.

To check your PATH variable, open a terminal and run the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

Verify your installation by using an oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI¶

To log in to your cluster as the default system user, export the kubeconfig file. This configuration enables the CLI to authenticate and connect to the specific API server created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

The kubeconfig file is specific to a cluster and OpenShift Container Platform generates it during installation.

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).

Procedure

Export the kubeadmin credentials by running the following command:
```
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig
```
where:

<installation_directory>

Specifies the path to the directory that stores the installation files.
Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration by running the following command:
```
$ oc whoami
```
Example output
```
system:admin
```

Next steps

"Customize your cluster"
"Remote health reporting"

Approve the certificate signing requests for your machines¶

To allow newly added machines to join your OpenShift Container Platform cluster, confirm that the cluster approves pending certificate signing requests (CSRs), or approve them yourself. Approve client requests first, then server requests.

Prerequisites

You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:
```
$ oc get nodes
```
Example output
```
NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.35.4
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.35.4
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.35.4
```
The output lists all of the machines that you created.

Note

The preceding output might not include the compute nodes until you approve some CSRs.

Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

Example output

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
...

In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:

Note

You must approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates rotate, and more than two certificates are present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After you approve the client CSR, the kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. The machine-approver then automatically approves later serving certificate renewal requests if the kubelet requests a new certificate with the same parameters.

Note

For clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If you do not approve a request, the oc exec, oc rsh, and oc logs commands cannot succeed, because the API server requires a serving certificate when it connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the node-bootstrapper service account in the system:node or system:admin groups submitted the CSR, and confirm the identity of the node.
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>
```
  where:
  
  <csr_name>
  
  Specifies the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approve
```
  Note
  
  Some Operators might not become available until you approve some CSRs. Each node submits two CSRs, so you might need to run the command to approve CSRs many times.

After you approve your client requests, review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

Example output

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...

If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>
```
  where:
  
  <csr_name>
  
  Specifies the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
```

After you approve all client and server CSRs, the machines have the Ready status. Verify this by running the following command:

$ oc get nodes

Example output

NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  73m  v1.35.4
master-1  Ready     master  73m  v1.35.4
master-2  Ready     master  74m  v1.35.4
worker-0  Ready     worker  11m  v1.35.4
worker-1  Ready     worker  11m  v1.35.4

Note

You might need to wait a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to reach the Ready status.

Adding the Ingress DNS records¶

If you removed the DNS Zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs, you must manually create DNS records that point at the Ingress load balancer. You can create either a wildcard *.apps.{baseDomain}. or specific records.

You can use A, CNAME, and other records per your requirements.

Prerequisites

You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Microsoft Azure by using infrastructure that you provisioned.
Install the OpenShift CLI (oc).
Install or update the Azure CLI.

Procedure

Confirm the Ingress router has created a load balancer and populated the EXTERNAL-IP field:

$ oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default

Example output

NAME             TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)                      AGE
router-default   LoadBalancer   172.30.20.10   35.130.120.110   80:32288/TCP,443:31215/TCP   20

Export the Ingress router IP as a variable:

$ export PUBLIC_IP_ROUTER=`oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default --no-headers | awk '{print $4}'`

Add a *.apps record to the public DNS zone.

If you are adding this cluster to a new public zone, run:

$ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n *.apps -a ${PUBLIC_IP_ROUTER} --ttl 300

If you are adding this cluster to an already existing public zone, run:

$ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${BASE_DOMAIN} -n *.apps.${CLUSTER_NAME} -a ${PUBLIC_IP_ROUTER} --ttl 300

Add a *.apps record to the private DNS zone:

Create a *.apps record by using the following command:

$ az network private-dns record-set a create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n *.apps --ttl 300

Add the *.apps record to the private DNS zone by using the following command:

$ az network private-dns record-set a add-record -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n *.apps -a ${PUBLIC_IP_ROUTER}

If you prefer to add explicit domains instead of using a wildcard, you can create entries for each of the cluster’s current routes:

$ oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routes

.Example output

oauth-openshift.apps.cluster.basedomain.com
console-openshift-console.apps.cluster.basedomain.com
downloads-openshift-console.apps.cluster.basedomain.com
alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.cluster.basedomain.com
prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.cluster.basedomain.com

Completing an Azure installation on user-provisioned infrastructure¶

After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Microsoft Azure user-provisioned infrastructure, you can monitor cluster events with the installation program until the cluster is ready.

Prerequisites

Deploy the bootstrap machine for an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on user-provisioned Azure infrastructure.
Install the oc CLI and log in.

Procedure

Complete the cluster installation:
```
$ ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete
```
For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.
Example output
```
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for the cluster to initialize...
```
Warning
- The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.
- It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform¶

To provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, the Telemetry service requires internet access. When connected, this service runs automatically by default and registers your cluster to OpenShift Cluster Manager.

After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager,use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level. For more information about subscription watch, see "Data Gathered and Used by Red Hat’s subscription services" in the Additional resources section.

Additional resources

About remote health monitoring

Additional resources

Azure Resource Manager templates overview (Azure documentation)

Installing a cluster on Azure in a disconnected environment with user-provisioned infrastructure¶

Prerequisites¶

About installations in restricted networks¶

Additional limits¶

Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform¶

Configuring your Azure project¶

Azure account limits¶

Configuring a public DNS zone in Azure¶

Certificate signing requests management¶

Required Azure roles¶

Required Azure permissions for user-provisioned infrastructure¶

Creating a service principal¶

Supported Azure regions¶

Supported Azure public regions¶

Supported Azure Government regions¶

Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure¶

Required machines for cluster installation¶

Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation¶

Tested instance types for Azure¶

General Purpose¶

Memory Optimized¶

Compute Optimized¶

Storage Optimized¶

GPU Accelerated¶

FPGA Accelerated¶

High Performance Compute¶

Tested instance types for Azure on 64-bit ARM infrastructures¶

General Purpose (ARM64)¶

Memory Optimized (ARM64)¶

Using the Azure Marketplace offering¶

Obtaining the installation program¶

Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access¶

Creating the installation files for Azure¶

Creating a separate /var partition¶

Creating the installation configuration file¶

Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation¶

Exporting common variables for ARM templates¶

Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files¶

Creating the Azure resource group¶

Uploading the RHCOS cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config file¶

Example for creating DNS zones¶

Creating a VNet in Azure¶

ARM template for the VNet¶

Deploying the RHCOS cluster image for the Azure infrastructure¶

ARM template for image storage¶

Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure¶

Network connectivity requirements¶

Creating networking and load balancing components in Azure¶

ARM template for the network and load balancers¶

Creating the bootstrap machine in Azure¶

ARM template for the bootstrap machine¶

Creating the control plane machines in Azure¶

ARM template for control plane machines¶

Wait for bootstrap completion and remove bootstrap resources in Azure¶

Creating additional worker machines in Azure¶

ARM template for worker machines¶

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux¶

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows¶

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS¶

Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI¶

Approve the certificate signing requests for your machines¶

Adding the Ingress DNS records¶

Completing an Azure installation on user-provisioned infrastructure¶

Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform¶

Creating a separate `/var` partition¶